A high credit rating makes it easier to obtain a mortgage, credit cards and auto loans, plus better interest rates, which will save you money in the long run. Here’s what you can do to increase your credit score:

1) Correct credit report errors You’re allowed one free credit report each year. If you haven’t done it yet, request yours online at AnnualCreditReport.com. Check it carefully for any mistakes, such as past-due or unknown accounts.

2) Pay attention to credit card limits Avoid charging any one credit card up to (or close to) its limit, even if you pay the balance each month. It’s smarter to spread charges on a few cards. Why? Credit agencies look at all your unused credit from all cards, plus that of individual cards, when calculating your score. That’s why getting close to the limit on one card can ding your score despite having plenty of available credit elsewhere.

3) Don’t cancel credit cards You earn points for accounts with longer histories, so avoid closing and opening new accounts often. Even if you’re eager to close an account you worked hard to pay off, resist the urge. It’s better for your credit score to keep it open and either never use it or use it only occasionally, depending on fees and terms.

 

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Even though it’s more important than ever to be familiar with your credit score and what affects that crucial number, experts say a lot of Americans don’t know nearly as much as they should about what they do that can impact their score. WalletPop got on the phone with John Ulzheimer, president of consumer education at Credit.com to find out more. We also caught up with Barry Paperno, consumer operations manager for FICO, via email to ask him to spill some credit score secrets.

For instance, many people think that if they pay their bills on time, their credit score must be good. Right? Wrong, say our experts. Even if you always pay on time, if your cards are close to being maxed out, your score isn’t going to be as high as it could be, since borrowing up to the hilt looks like a risk factor to the credit bureaus. Surprised? Read on to find out five more credit secrets that can help you get the credit score you deserve.

1. Pay off revolving debt first. There are two different kinds of debt most of us carry: installment debts, which are generally secured by collateral (such as a car loan), and revolving debt, such as credit card balances. Since credit card balances are unsecured — the company can’t repossess the spoils of your last shopping spree if you don’t pay up — they’re viewed as much riskier in the FICO equation. As a result, paying off revolving debt boosts your credit score more than paying off a comparable amount of installment debt. “Paying off installment debt has such a small impact on your score,” says Ulzheimer. “Last year, I paid off a $284,000 mortgage and my score went up four points.” In other words, put that overtime check, bonus or tax refund toward credit card bills if you want the most bang for your high-score buck.

2. Payments to collection agencies don’t boost your score. By the time a debt goes to a third-party collection firm, the original lender (your credit card company, for instance) has already written off the loan as a loss and noted that delinquency on your report. While there are a host of good reasons — such as not getting sued and not being pestered with phone calls at all hours — to pay the bill once a third party collector has it, those payments won’t count toward your FICO score and won’t erase the notation of delinquency.

Likewise, if you get dinged with an insufficient funds fee at your bank and “retaliate” by closing the account or not putting any more money into it, you can get slapped with a collection action by your bank that will negatively impact your score. “In addition to bank account debt, such collection accounts can also arise from utility bills, parking tickets, and even library fines – and can often impact your score as much as unpaid credit card or loan debt,” Paperno warns. Bottom line: Pay those bills before they’re sent to a collection agency if you want to preserve your score.

3. Accentuate the positive. While you obviously want to make sure that black marks like missed payments don’t stay on your report any longer than necessary, it’s perfectly okay and even desirable to have old accounts that were in good standing still listed. For instance, say you paid off a car loan and never made a late payment on it. While you could lobby the bureaus to take that information off your report, it’s more beneficial to leave it on, says Ulzheimer. “This is a great example of when less is more. Don’t ask them to take it off if it’s in good standing.”

4. Opening and closing accounts can lower your score. “FICO’s research has found that opening a new account is predictive of increased risk, and opening any type of credit account or loan action can lower one’s score,” explains Paperno. The good news, he adds, is that your score will rise back to its original level within a few months if you keep the balance low and make your payments on time.

Closing cards can ding you because it skews your credit utilization ratio — that is, how much of your available credit you’ve used — when that line of credit suddenly vanishes. For this reason, experts say to use all your cards at least occasionally. An unused card does you no good if the issuer cancels it due to inactivity.

5. Borrowing more to pay down your debt is dicey. Despite the fact that Americans are often pitched offers of “consolidation” loans by their bank or mortgage lender, taking on more debt to eliminate your credit card bills is a risky proposition. “You’re borrowing from Peter to pay Paul,” says Ulzheimer. Since most consolidation loans are home equity loans backed by your house, failure to get a handle on your spending and pay off your debts as intended could have catastrophic consequences, he points out. “If you miss these payments, the down side is much more significant.” There’s also the fact, as we pointed out above, that opening new accounts can at least temporarily lower your score.

However, taking out an installment loan to pay off your credit card bills could prove beneficial — with one significant caveat. As Paperno points out, installment debt doesn’t drag down your score the way a bunch of maxed out credit cards can, so if — and this is the big “if” — you have the discipline to pay off your cards with that new loan money and stop using the cards until the installment loan is paid off, you could raise your score. But as Paperno points out, it takes a super-sized helping of discipline in order to make this tactic successful.

“Figures provided by FICO Inc. show that 25.5 percent of consumers — nearly 43.4 million people — now have a credit score of 599 or below, marking them as poor risks for lenders. It’s unlikely they will be able to get credit cards, auto loans or mortgages under the tighter lending standards banks now use,” according to the AP. Historically, just 15 percent of the 170 million consumers with active credit accounts, or 25.5 million people, fell below 599, according to data posted on Myfico.com.The recession, tight lending practices by banks, and unemployment have caught up to the consumer credit market, and the trend is likely to worsen.

Banks, particularly regional and community financial firms, are struggling with defaults on both residential and commercial mortgages. To stay out of the clutches of the FDIC, they have become remarkably cautious about lending, even to people with good credit scores.

The number of people who have been unemployed for over six months is now in the millions and nearly 25 million Americans are out of work. This population is not likely to see their credit scores repaired for years.

The young, for years targets for credit card companies, are unemployed at higher rates than people over 25. That means that this “feeder” population for credit cards is falling and some of these people noe have no credit scores at all.

Another trend that has hurt credit scores immensely is the disappearance of home equity loans which were once taken out by huge numbers of Americans who had houses worth more than their mortgages. Now, more than 11 million mortgages in the US are underwater. People are abandoning homes that are being foreclosed upon. Either of those actions severely damages credit ratings.

One of the long-term effects of low credit scores is a likely long-term drop in consumer spending. People often cannot afford to buy things by paying cash. And austerity is the rule of the day.